3月1日の就活解禁の足音が少しずつ近付いている今日この頃。今は解禁前ですが、既にインターンシップや就活イベントを通して企業の方と直接関わった就活生の方は多いはず。
企業の方とお話しする機会が増えると「この敬語、間違っていないかな?」「失礼な言い方をしていないかな?」という不安を抱く方もいるのではないでしょうか。
そこで、今回のステラボでは「この言い方、大丈夫?不安を安心に変える 敬語の超!基本講座」をテーマにガイダンスを行いました。
社会人に必要な言葉遣いって?
社会人の言葉づかいは【丁寧な言い回し】と【正しい敬語】の二つで構成されています。
【丁寧な言い回し】とは、相手への思いやりを伝えられる言い方のことです。「コピー取って」と「コピーをお願いします」だと、前者は命令のように感じますが後者はお願いされていると感じます。
良い人間関係を築く際には当然のことですが、就職活動やビジネスの場だけではなく普段の生活でも意識したいところですね!
【正しい敬語】とは、そのまま、相手への敬意を伝える言葉である「敬語」の正しい知識のことです。今回は尊敬語と謙譲語のおさらいや、ビジネスの場面でよくある応用編を勉強しました。
丁寧な言い回しのポイント
丁寧な言い回しにはいくつかポイントがありますが、ここでは一部を紹介します。
まず、一つ目のポイントは「語尾」です。
どれだけ丁寧な言葉を使っていても、語尾が「~っすね」だと全てが台無しです。最後まで丁寧な言葉「です・ます」「ございます」を使いましょう。
二つ目のポイントは「言い換える」こと。
「あっち」「さっき」「すごい」などは「あちら」「さきほど」「とても」といった丁寧な言葉に言い換えるだけで、受け取る印象は違いますね。
ここで、学生さんには二つ目のポイントを深めるために、「ビジネス言葉変換ワーク」に取り組んでもらいました!
「この前」→「先日」、「~みたいな」→「~のような」、「~くらい」→「~ほど」など、一見簡単そうに見えても、普段使わない言葉はすんなりと口から出てきません。
まずは知識としてしっかり身に付け、実践で使ってみることが大切ですね!
正しい敬語のポイント
敬語と言えば、尊敬語・謙譲語・丁寧語を思い浮かべるでしょう。実はこの3分類だった敬語は、2007年2月より5分類になっています。
5分類とは、尊敬語・謙譲語Ⅰ・謙譲語Ⅱ・丁寧語・美化語の5つで、従来の謙譲語と丁寧語がより細かく分類されています。詳しくは下の図をご覧ください。
正しい敬語に直す際、何になるんだっけ?と分からなくなることはよくありますよね。そんな時、尊敬語の場合は「お/ご+言葉+になる」、謙譲語の場合は「お/ご+言葉+する」に当てはめてみましょう。
例えば、読むの尊敬語は「お+読む+になる」で「お読みになる」、謙譲語は「お+読む+する」で「お読みする」となります。これを付け足し型といい、これに当てはまらないものは置き換え型となります。
これは別の決まった定型語に言い換えるもので、「言う」を例に挙げると尊敬語は「おっしゃる」、謙譲語は「申す」となります。難しいですが、積極的に使って身に付けていきたいですね!
誰に敬意を示すか? 「ウチ」と「ソト」
さて、ここが少し難しいところです。
「ウチ」とは「自分側の人」の意で、ウチの人を主語にする際は謙譲語を使います。「ソト」とは敬意を向ける「立てる相手」のことで、ソトの人を主語にする際は尊敬語を使います。
きっと見た方が分かりやすいので、下の図をご覧ください。
①の場合、主語は自分(=ウチ)なので、「(私が)書類を拝見いたします」と、見るの謙譲語「拝見する」を使って山田部長に対してへりくだります。
②の場合、今度は上司(=ソト)が主語なので、「(部長は)書類をご覧になりましたか?」と、見るの尊敬語「ご覧になる」を使って山田部長へ敬意を示します。
少し難しいのは③です。この場面では、上司である山田部長と、会社の取引先の方がいらっしゃいます。ここで立てるべき相手は取引先の方ですので、例え上司であっても「ウチ」に入るということが最も重要なポイントです。
すなわち、上司(=ウチ)が主語なので、「部長の山田も拝見しております」と、謙譲語を使って取引先の方に対してへりくだります。
また、ウチの人に対しては敬意を示さないので、上司ですが「山田さん」ではなく「山田」呼びとなるのもポイントです。社会人になると③のような、ウチとソトの違いに気をつけて話さなければいけない場面は多いので、今から覚えておくといいですね!
敬語は実践あるのみ!!
色々と説明をしましたが、何度も言うように、敬語は実際に使わないと身に付きません。とっさの時に口をついて出てくるのはやはり普段から使っている言葉です。
就職活動の直前に頭に入れるだけではなく、学校の先生方やアルバイト先など日常生活で少しずつ使っていきましょう!
次回のステラボ
9月から開催してきたステラボも残すところあと2回となりました!
【日時】2019年2月18日(月)14:30~16:30
【テーマ】自分には何が合ってるの?これならできるかも!が見つかる仕事紹介
今後のイベント情報
2月には最終回を迎える就活スクール、そして学生と企業の緩やか座談会がスタートします。お楽しみに!
- 2月1日(金)17:30~19:00 就活スクール 玉野土建株式会社 磯野社長 *詳細・申し込みはこちら*
- 2月6日(水)17:00~19:00 学生と企業の緩やか座談会(岡山トヨタ自動車①) *詳細・申し込みはこちら*
- 2月8日(金)17:00~19:00 学生と企業の緩やか座談会(広島化成①) *詳細・申し込みはこちら*
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